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The head of state in Australia is known as the Governor-General. This position serves as the representative of the Monarch of the United Kingdom, reflecting Australia's status as a constitutional monarchy and a member of the Commonwealth of Nations.

The Governor-General is appointed by the Monarch on the advice of the Prime Minister and carries out various ceremonial duties, represents Australia at official events, and performs functions related to the governance and legal framework within the country. While Australia has a Prime Minister who acts as the head of government, the Governor-General serves a unique role that includes both ceremonial responsibilities and certain constitutional powers, such as giving royal assent to legislation.

The other options refer to different roles or concepts. The Prime Minister is the head of government, responsible for running the country and making policy decisions. The President is not applicable in the Australian system, as Australia does not have a presidential system like some other countries. The Monarch, while being the ultimate head of state in the constitutional framework, is represented in Australia by the Governor-General who carries out the day-to-day functions of the head of state.